Curitiba in Brazil

Paraná's capital is famous in Brazil for its civic planning and quality of life. It is said to be one of the three cleanest cities in Latin America. In outlying areas 'Ruas da Cidadania' (citizenship streets), have been built so that local people can avoid travelling to the centre. These throng with activity and provide municipal services, child care and leisure activities. The first and most famous of these was built at Boqueirão in 1995, but the one at Rua da Cidadania da Matriz, next to the Praça Rui Barbosa transport terminal, is more central and has 20 computer terminals for free access to the internet.

However, few visit Brazil to see well-planned cities. The main reason to stay longer than a quick change of bus or train is the recently opened Oscar Niemeyer museum: a stunning modernist building that looks like a giant eye. This can happily be seen in a few hours between transport connections. Curitiba also marks the start of one of South America's most spectacular railway journeys: to Morretes and the Baía de Paranaguá via the Serra da Graciosa mountains.

Getting there

Afonso Pena airport
, receives international flights from Paraguay and Argentina and has direct connections with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and other state capitals. There are car rental booths, banks with international ATMs and cafes along with buses and taxis to the centre. International and interstate buses arrive at the combined bus and railway station, the
Rodoferroviária
, www.rodoviariaonline.com.br
, where there are restaurants, banks, shops, phones, a post office, pharmacy, tourist office and other public services. The website has timetables and prices. Trains run along the Serra Verde between Curitiba and Paranaguá .

Getting around

Within the city there is an integrated transport system with several types of bus route; pick up a map in one of the tourist booths for details. The 'Transport-City Circular-Linha Turismo' circles the major transport terminals and points of interest in the city centre.

Tourist information

The main office is in the
Instituto Municipal de Turismo/Curitiba Turismo
. There is also an office at the
rodoferroviária
, and a
tourist booth
, on the 24-hour street, Rua 24 Horas.

Background

The city was founded on 19 March 1693 as Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais on the spot that is now Praça Tiradentes. For many years it was little more than a pit stop for cattle herders on their way between Rio Grande do Sul and the cities to the north. But in 1842 it was elevated to the rank of city and given the name of Curitiba and, in 1853, it was made the state capital. It received waves of Italian, German and eastern-European immigrants in the late 19th and 20th centuries, which led to the state's distinctive European identity, and rapid deforestation.

Sights

The city has extensive open spaces and some attractive modern architecture. There is a good panoramic view from the glass observation deck of the telecommunications tower,
Torre Mercês
, built by Telepar and so is also known as the
Telepar Tower
. The 110-m tower stands at an elevation of 95 m above sea level. There is a map of the city on the floor so that you can locate key sites.The commercial centre is the busy Rua 15 de Novembro, part of which is a pedestrian area called Rua das Flores. Since urban planning first began in 1720, the Rua das Flores has been a focus for street life and street entertainment and is now perennially decorated with flowers and trees, and lined with benches, cafés, restaurants, cinemas and shops. At its southern end, the Boca Maldita is particularly lively and a popular meeting place.

On Praça Tiradentes is the cathedral
, built in neo-Gothic style and inaugurated in 1893 (restored in 1993). Behind the cathedral, near Largo da Ordem, is a pedestrian area with a flower clock and old buildings. It is very atmospheric in the evening when it is illuminated by old gas lamps. City centre bar and nightlife is concentrated here. There is an art market on Sunday morning in Praça Garibáldi, beside the attractive Rosário church.

Museums worth visiting include the Museu Paranaense
, www.pr.gov.br/museupr, which has temporary shows and concerts in the garden on Sunday, alongside a collection of ethnological and historical material, and the Museu de Arte Contemporânea, which showcases Brazilian contemporary works, with an emphasis on artists from Paraná.

Unlike most Brazilian cities, Curitiba has plenty of green spaces. The most popular is the Passeio Públicoiclosed Mon, in the heart of the city, with three lakes, each with an island, and a playground. About 4 km east of the rodoferroviário, the Jardim Botânico Fanchette Rischbieter. This has a fine glass house, again with domes, curves and lots of steel, inspired by the Crystal Palace in London. The gardens are in French style and there is also a Museu Botânico
. It can be reached by the orange Expreso buses from Praça Rui Barbosa.

Near the shores of Lagoa Bacacheri, on the northern edge of the city, is one of Brazil's many hidden quirks: an Egyptian temple
. The temple is devoted to the Rosicrucian cult: a 19th-century offshoot of Theosophical occultism that has taken hold in Brazil alongside many other arcane religions. This is surely the only country on Earth where Rosicrucians advertise themselves with car bumper stickers. Visits can also be arranged to the Brazilian centre of the Rosicrucians; take the Santa Cândida bus to Estação Boa Vista, then walk.

The commercial centre is the busy Rua 15 de Novembro, part of which is a pedestrian area called Rua das Flores. Since urban planning first began in 1720, the Rua das Flores has been a focus for street life and street entertainment and is now perennially decorated with flowers and trees, and lined with benches, cafés, restaurants, cinemas and shops. At its southern end, the Boca Maldita is particularly lively and a popular meeting place.

On Praça Tiradentes is the cathedral, built in neo-Gothic style and inaugurated in 1893 (restored in 1993). Behind the cathedral, near Largo da Ordem, is a pedestrian area with a flower clock and old buildings. It is very atmospheric in the evening when it is illuminated by old gas lamps. City centre bar and nightlife is concentrated here. There is an art market on Sunday morning in Praça Garibáldi, beside the attractive Rosário church.

Museums worth visiting include the Museu Paranaense, www.pr.gov.br/museupr, which has temporary shows and concerts in the garden on Sunday, alongside a collection of ethnological and historical material, and the Museu de Arte Contemporânea, which showcases Brazilian contemporary works, with an emphasis on artists from Paraná.

Unlike most Brazilian cities, Curitiba has plenty of green spaces. The most popular is the Passeio Públicoiclosed Mon, in the heart of the city, with three lakes, each with an island, and a playground. About 4 km east of the rodoferroviário, the Jardim Botânico Fanchette Rischbieter. This has a fine glass house, again with domes, curves and lots of steel, inspired by the Crystal Palace in London. The gardens are in French style and there is also a Museu Botânico. It can be reached by the orange Expreso buses from Praça Rui Barbosa.

Near the shores of Lagoa Bacacheri, on the northern edge of the city, is one of Brazil's many hidden quirks: an Egyptian templeiR Nicarágua 2453. The temple is devoted to the Rosicrucian cult: a 19th-century offshoot of Theosophical occultism that has taken hold in Brazil alongside many other arcane religions. This is surely the only country on Earth where Rosicrucians advertise themselves with car bumper stickers. Visits can also be arranged to the Brazilian centre of the Rosicrucians; take the Santa Cândida bus to Estação Boa Vista, then walk.

Museu Oscar Niemeyer (MON)

www.museuoscar niemeyer.org.br

The Museu Oscar Niemeyer
was designed by, and is devoted to, the famous Brazilian modernist architect who designed Brasília and was a disciple of Le Corbusier, together with other Para- nanese artists. The stunning principal building is shaped like a giant eye and the whole museum serves as a gallery for diverse shows, which in the past have ranged from Picasso drawings to modern Japanese art. An underground passage, also lined with a range of (always high quality) exhibits and photographs links the eye to a sculpture garden.

This is edited copy from Footprint Handbooks. For comprehensive details (incl address, tel no, directions, opening times and prices) please refer to book or individual chapter PDF
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